01.地腳螺(luo)栓的預埋(mai)

　　地腳螺栓的預埋質量直接影響鋼結構的(de)(de)(de)安裝質量，控(kong)制(zhi)好地腳螺栓(shuan)（群）的(de)(de)(de)位置、垂直(zhi)(zhi)度、長度和標高，對(dui)于減(jian)少擴孔及調整工作量（甚至避免返工），提高結構(gou)安裝質量具有重要(yao)意義。地腳螺栓(shuan)的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)埋方(fang)法可采用直(zhi)(zhi)接預(yu)埋法，也可采用預(yu)留孔法。基(ji)礎砼澆(jiao)筑前監理工程(cheng)師必須嚴(yan)格檢查預(yu)埋螺栓(shuan)施工方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)合理性、可靠(kao)性，以及各項實(shi)測(ce)指標是否在(zai)規(gui)范規(gui)定范圍(wei)內。

　　02.焊(han)接工(gong)程(cheng)質量控制

　　焊接工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是鋼結(jie)構(gou)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)安裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最重要的(de)分項(xiang)之(zhi)一(yi)，監理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)必(bi)須從事前準備，施焊過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)成品檢(jian)驗各(ge)個環節，切(qie)實作(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)焊接工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。焊接質量問(wen)題較(jiao)多存在于手工(gong)(gong)焊縫，這(zhe)些問(wen)題有(you)：焊瘤、夾渣、氣孔、沒焊透、咬邊(bian)、錯邊(bian)、焊縫尺寸偏差大、不用引弧板(ban)、焊接變形不矯正(zheng)、飛濺物清理不凈等。鑒于這(zhe)種情(qing)況(kuang)，監理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)必(bi)須做好(hao)以下各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)：

　　（1）檢查焊接原材料(liao)出廠質量證明書(shu)；

　　（2）檢查焊工上崗證；

　　（3）督促進行必(bi)要的(de)焊接(jie)工藝(yi)試驗；

　　（4）施焊過(guo)程中加強巡視(shi)檢查，監督落實各項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)措施；

　　（5）嚴格進行焊縫質量外觀檢查和焊縫尺寸(cun)實(shi)測；

　　（6）督促進(jin)行無損檢測工作。

　　03.高(gao)強度(du)螺栓連接工程

　　高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)連接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)也是鋼結構工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)分項之一(yi)(yi)，也是目前施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)薄(bo)弱(ruo)環節之一(yi)(yi)，主要(yao)表(biao)現在(zai)(zai)：（1）高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)有(you)以次(ci)充好現象，（用(yong)普(pu)通精制螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)代替(ti)高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)）；（2）高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)連接(jie)面(mian)處理達不到(dao)規(gui)范規(gui)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求，包括表(biao)面(mian)處理情(qing)況，平(ping)整密(mi)貼情(qing)況，螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)孔質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)情(qing)況等；（3）高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)施(shi)擰不按規(gui)范規(gui)定(ding)(ding)進行(xing)(xing)，如(ru)不分初擰、終擰而(er)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)完成，不用(yong)扭矩扳(ban)手、全(quan)憑主觀估計(ji)等。為保證(zheng)高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)連接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師必須(xu)以高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)責任心(xin)，在(zai)(zai)督促承包單位(wei)提高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)意(yi)識(shi)、加強(qiang)(qiang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理、落(luo)實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保證(zheng)措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)(de)同時，積極采用(yong)旁站監督、平(ping)行(xing)(xing)檢驗(yan)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)法，只有(you)這樣才能使高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)連接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)處于嚴格的(de)(de)控(kong)制之下。

　　04.鋼結構除銹及(ji)涂裝(zhuang)工程

　　鋼(gang)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)除銹(xiu)(xiu)和(he)涂(tu)裝是(shi)目前鋼(gang)結構(gou)承包單(dan)位(wei)較(jiao)易(yi)忽視的(de)(de)(de)一項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，也是(shi)鋼(gang)結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)薄弱環節。這(zhe)種現象(xiang)(xiang)不糾正(zheng)，對(dui)鋼(gang)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)甚(shen)大，因為除銹(xiu)(xiu)和(he)涂(tu)裝質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)合(he)格與(yu)否直接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)鋼(gang)結構(gou)今后(hou)使用(yong)期間的(de)(de)(de)維護費用(yong)，還影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)鋼(gang)結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命、結構(gou)安全(quan)及發生火(huo)(huo)災時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)耐火(huo)(huo)時(shi)間（防火(huo)(huo)涂(tu)裝）。造成這(zhe)種現象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)思想根源在于承包單(dan)位(wei)有關人員對(dui)涂(tu)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要性認識不足，再加(jia)上缺乏質(zhi)(zhi)量責任心(xin)，甚(shen)至(zhi)惟利是(shi)圖，最終導致涂(tu)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量經常出現問題。故(gu)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師必須對(dui)除銹(xiu)(xiu)和(he)涂(tu)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)給予高度重(zhong)(zhong)視，對(dui)各個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序進(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)檢查驗收，這(zhe)是(shi)確保鋼(gang)結構(gou)涂(tu)裝質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎和(he)保障(zhang)。 關于鋼(gang)結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)裝質(zhi)(zhi)量，應抓好以(yi)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)：

　　（1）對(dui)鋼構件的除銹質量按(an)照設計(ji)要求(qiu)的等級進行嚴格的驗收；

　　（2）檢(jian)查涂(tu)裝原材(cai)料的(de)出廠質(zhi)量證明(ming)書，防(fang)火涂(tu)料還要(yao)檢(jian)查消防(fang)部門的(de)認可證明(ming)；

　　（3）涂裝前徹(che)底清除構件(jian)表面(mian)的(de)泥土(tu)、油污(wu)等雜物；

　　（4）涂裝施工應在無(wu)塵、干(gan)燥的環(huan)境中進行，且溫度、濕度符合(he)規(gui)范(fan)要求；

　　（5）涂刷遍數及涂層厚(hou)度要(yao)符合設計要(yao)求；

　　（6）對(dui)涂(tu)層損壞(huai)處(chu)要做細致(zhi)處(chu)理，保(bao)證該處(chu)涂(tu)裝質(zhi)量；

　　（7）認真檢查涂層附著力；

　　（8）嚴(yan)格進行(xing)外觀檢(jian)查驗收，保證(zheng)涂裝質量符合規范及(ji)標準要求。

　　05.壓(ya)型金(jin)屬(shu)板(ban)工程

　　壓型金(jin)屬板(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)彩(cai)(cai)色鋼板(ban)(ban)維護結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，是(shi)較新興(xing)的(de)建筑(zhu)維護結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形式。目前，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實際中出(chu)現的(de)問題(ti)主要(yao)(yao)有：施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位不制(zhi)定彩(cai)(cai)板(ban)(ban)（夾芯板(ban)(ban)）施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，彩(cai)(cai)板(ban)(ban)接(jie)縫、板(ban)(ban)檁之間的(de)連接(jie)、彩(cai)(cai)板(ban)(ban)配件制(zhi)作(zuo)安(an)裝(zhuang)等(deng)(deng)節點構(gou)(gou)造處理不細或(huo)不可靠，維護結(jie)構(gou)(gou)滲(shen)漏(lou)，彩(cai)(cai)板(ban)(ban)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)觀感質量(liang)存(cun)在不平整(zheng)、不順直、不嚴(yan)密、變形、劃(hua)傷(shang)、污(wu)染現象(xiang)等(deng)(deng)。 針對以(yi)上情況，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)以(yi)下幾點：

　　（1）彩板(ban)（夾(jia)芯板(ban)）制作(zuo)安裝(zhuang)前一定要督促施工(gong)單(dan)位制定周密可(ke)靠的(de)彩板(ban)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)方案，尤其是要制定詳細的(de)排板(ban)方案、建筑構造作(zuo)法(fa)及質量保證措(cuo)施；

　　（2）制作、安(an)裝過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中要加強巡視檢查、旁(pang)站監督和平行檢驗，使大部分(fen)質量問題消滅在施工(gong)前和施工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中；

　　（3）嚴(yan)格進(jin)行檢驗批及分項(xiang)工程驗收，要確保節(jie)點構(gou)造合理、可靠、無(wu)滲漏(lou)，觀感平整、順直、嚴(yan)密、顏色(se)均勻一致、板面無(wu)劃傷、無(wu)銹斑、無(wu)污染。